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From what I can see, you have added some pros and cons in your introduction itself. Intro is just jist. No need to give full argument there.
And consider this, the same broad topic was asked as essay in 2011. And for 10 marks in 2013. So there will be a lot of points that you have missed. So try to make the best out of what you serve.
Realized that mobile mode cant be used for attaching any file. Sorry for the alignment. This answer was written while I was attempting the whole GS2 paper within 3 hours. So it is not written in leisure.
Q. While economic growth is an important boon for enhancing living conditions, its reach depends greatly on what we do with the fruits of growth.” Comment. (250 Words)
Indian Economy in recent few years has been able to achieve impressive growth figures. With economic growth I refer to an increase in country’s real level of national output. The growth in economy is by an increase in the quality of resources and improvement in the technology or an increase in the value of goods and services. The GDP of the economy had touched 8% in 2008. One good thing about the economic growth is that the government generates greater resources to be spent on priorities. But for an economic development along with economic growth the increased resources need to be spent on human capital development. A true indicator of economic development is Human Development Index. According to which India stands way behind its neighbours. The life expectancy in India was reported to be just 64.4 years where as in china it stands at 73.5 yrs while the adult literacy rate in India is just 65% and that of china is 94%. These number are upsetting but the reality is that the public expenditure in social sector has gone up but it is not as good as our closest competitor China. Public expenditure for health and nutrition, education etc would not only develop human capital but it will also lead developing a better living conditions. One result of the relatively low allocation to public health care in India is the development of a remarkable reliance of many poor people across the country on private doctors, many of whom have little medical training, if any. There is very definitive evidence of a combination of quackery and crookery in the premature privatisation of basic health care. This is the result not only of shameful exploitation, but ultimately of the sheer unavailability of public health care in many localities around India. There are large numbers of people for whom growth alone does just fine, since they are already privileged and need no social assistance. Economic growth only adds to their economic and social opportunities. But the grass certainly is not greener on the other side. The media displays the riches of one section but the atrocities of the other sections are not being answered effectively. “while economic growth is an important boon for enhancing living conditions, its reach depends greatly on what we do with the fruits of growth” rightly points it out that the economic growth needs to be properly supplemented so that it can be a huge contributor to making things better for people, and it is extremely important to understand the relevance and role of growth with clarity. The social inequality if tackled in a better way, the fruits of our economic growth will be enjoyed by every sect.
@bharat141 good essay, "A state is a large body and it is not possible.." it is not a good way to write, because, in bifurcation you are making them small. (B) Disadvantages: but i think changing the format of power distribution among states will eradicate these disadvantages provided by you
Q. Discuss the major extra constitutional factors influencing the working of federal polity in India. (250 words)
The difficulty of any federalism is that there is no agreed definition of a federal state. India is federal but with of course striking unitary features. The federal polity of India is not just effected by the extra constitutional factors but also other factors. The rise of Planning Commission as a central body with no state representation has made the functioning tough. The states have to depend upon the Planning Commission for its financial needs. The arbitrary imposition of President’s Rule on the States in the past has created a deep distrust between the Centre and States. In today’s political scenario, it is unlikely that such an arbitrary exercise of power by the Union Government would be possible. Rise of regional parties and regionalization of national parties has affected the working of Indian Polity. While dealing with the security issues, it can be observed that there is centralizing influence on the Government. Proposal of the Union Home Ministry to set up a National Counter-Terrorism Centre (NCTC) was rejected unilaterally by the state governments stating that the public order and police came under the state list. Even while dealing with external affairs like Bangladesh Land Agreement, which was opposed by the West Bengal govt, Union faced a stiff opposition. With the trend of increasing interlinkages with the world in security, developments and economic concerns, trend of increasing centralization is seen. Though our Constitution has nowhere mentioned that India is a federation but it states that it is a union of states. Looking at the current political paradigm shift, the leaders and bureaucrats at Union will have to accept the change and give up their authoritarian tendencies to ride roughshod over the State Chief Ministers, Ministers and civil servants. They have to come to terms with a federal polity in which the Centre and States are coequal. That would be the new meaning of the term ‘cooperative federalism’.
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Comments
@crazyphoton thank you ji. Even I felt so after reading my answer that it is not up to point. But was not sure how to add more within the word limit.
And consider this, the same broad topic was asked as essay in 2011. And for 10 marks in 2013. So there will be a lot of points that you have missed. So try to make the best out of what you serve.
Picture quality is not good. If you find it unreadable, I can upload a typed document file.
Indian Economy in recent few years has been able to achieve impressive growth figures. With economic growth I refer to an increase in country’s real level of national output. The growth in economy is by an increase in the quality of resources and improvement in the technology or an increase in the value of goods and services. The GDP of the economy had touched 8% in 2008. One good thing about the economic growth is that the government generates greater resources to be spent on priorities. But for an economic development along with economic growth the increased resources need to be spent on human capital development. A true indicator of economic development is Human Development Index. According to which India stands way behind its neighbours. The life expectancy in India was reported to be just 64.4 years where as in china it stands at 73.5 yrs while the adult literacy rate in India is just 65% and that of china is 94%. These number are upsetting but the reality is that the public expenditure in social sector has gone up but it is not as good as our closest competitor China. Public expenditure for health and nutrition, education etc would not only develop human capital but it will also lead developing a better living conditions. One result of the relatively low allocation to public health care in India is the development of a remarkable reliance of many poor people across the country on private doctors, many of whom have little medical training, if any. There is very definitive evidence of a combination of quackery and crookery in the premature privatisation of basic health care. This is the result not only of shameful exploitation, but ultimately of the sheer unavailability of public health care in many localities around India. There are large numbers of people for whom growth alone does just fine, since they are already privileged and need no social assistance. Economic growth only adds to their economic and social opportunities. But the grass certainly is not greener on the other side. The media displays the riches of one section but the atrocities of the other sections are not being answered effectively. “while economic growth is an important boon for enhancing living conditions, its reach depends greatly on what we do with the fruits of growth” rightly points it out that the economic growth needs to be properly supplemented so that it can be a huge contributor to making things better for people, and it is extremely important to understand the relevance and role of growth with clarity. The social inequality if tackled in a better way, the fruits of our economic growth will be enjoyed by every sect.
(B) Disadvantages: but i think changing the format of power distribution among states will eradicate these disadvantages provided by you
The difficulty of any federalism is that there is no agreed definition of a federal state. India is federal but with of course striking unitary features. The federal polity of India is not just effected by the extra constitutional factors but also other factors. The rise of Planning Commission as a central body with no state representation has made the functioning tough. The states have to depend upon the Planning Commission for its financial needs. The arbitrary imposition of President’s Rule on the States in the past has created a deep distrust between the Centre and States. In today’s political scenario, it is unlikely that such an arbitrary exercise of power by the Union Government would be possible. Rise of regional parties and regionalization of national parties has affected the working of Indian Polity. While dealing with the security issues, it can be observed that there is centralizing influence on the Government. Proposal of the Union Home Ministry to set up a National Counter-Terrorism Centre (NCTC) was rejected unilaterally by the state governments stating that the public order and police came under the state list. Even while dealing with external affairs like Bangladesh Land Agreement, which was opposed by the West Bengal govt, Union faced a stiff opposition. With the trend of increasing interlinkages with the world in security, developments and economic concerns, trend of increasing centralization is seen. Though our Constitution has nowhere mentioned that India is a federation but it states that it is a union of states. Looking at the current political paradigm shift, the leaders and bureaucrats at Union will have to accept the change and give up their authoritarian tendencies to ride roughshod over the State Chief Ministers, Ministers and civil servants. They have to come to terms with a federal polity in which the Centre and States are coequal. That would be the new meaning of the term ‘cooperative federalism’.