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and iska kya answer hoga... why abhava as category.......i wrote four types of abhava and then wrote is pragabhava is denied then everything becomes beginning less,etc
more or less yahi hoga ivalso mentioned criticism by prabhakara
@charwaka When we say that 'A is B' then it points to identity i.e. A and B are one and the same thing Sartre says that consciousness and nothingness are one and the same thing. Hence 'consciousness is nothingness'
However Sartre has used nothingness in the sense of 'having awareness of lacking' This means that although everything in this world lacks something but only consciousness/man is aware of these lackings. For example, man is aware that he lacking IFS/IAS The presence of this awareness of lack is the cause of his existence as man/conscious being/pour soi/being for itself. So he emerges out of this sense/awareness of lack and creates his essence. (Existence precedes essence)
One interesting feature here is that 'lack' has been recognised as a positive category, like abhava of Sankar/Nyay etc For example, if your date who had promised you to meet at the cafe shop did not turn up, you directly sense the lack of date in the café shop or on the chair/sofa. You directly sense 'no call' or 'no message' from the date. So absence has been positively recognised as consciousness.
But I find that Indian philosophy has an interesting answer to give. Advaita says that even in awareness of lack, there is awareness. You are 'aware' that there is lack. This 'knowing-awareness' is Brahman/infinite consciousness/absolute. It is like deep sleep state. When you wake from deep sleep, you say that I was asleep and hence do not remember anything. However you still have awareness that you were in deep sleep. For this reason, even Sancar accepted abhava as a positive category of knowledge as Anuplabdhi pramana
The question of being has become very puzzling. Shancar comes close. Knowing awareness is always there, it is true It is there in waking life, dream state, illusions etc But what about deep sleep. In deep sleep, I do not find any awareness of anything. How to solve this inconsistency in the philosophy is Advaita? Could anyone figure out?
I think it's about consciousness is constituted of "nothingness". From this he explains existence precedes essence, atheism, freedom and responsibility, abandonment, despair, anguish, and finally bad faith/inauthentic existence.
bhai maine bhi vaise hi link lagayi hai.. dekhate hai..
I think it's about consciousness is constituted of "nothingness". From this he explains existence precedes essence, atheism, freedom and responsibility, abandonment, despair, anguish, and finally bad faith/inauthentic existence.
bhai maine bhi vaise hi link lagayi hai.. dekhate hai..
@yoga123 actually Tattvartha is not very difficult. It is just summary of entire Jain Philosophy that we have read in coaching notes. Tattvartha Sutta of Umaswami Acharya is divided into 10 chapters Chapter 1-4 are on Jiva Chapter 5 is on Ajeeva Chapter 6,7,8,9 are on Ashrav, Bandh, Samvar and Nirjara Chapter 10 on Liberation/Kaivalya So these are the 7 Tatvas in this doctrine It is like that chart of coaching notes given under doctrine of dravya/anekantvad
I like Hegel very much, one of Vivan's answer was alsp very helpful in understanding Hegel. After Donald Trump's election I was wondering that if Democracy/Egalitarianism/inclusion is the highest Idea in polity, then why should Trump win on a divisive campaign. Here I found a very interesting Hegelian view. Hegel says that Idea can even provoke a contradiction which might appear against the Idea itself. But Idea does this so as to accelerate its own development For example, had there been no world wars, growth towards peace would have been very slow. Similarly, it was only after Trump won that electorate which was sleeping on election day woke up and started protesting. Now they will not forget to vote next time. So democracy will deepen because of Trump. So Hegel's theory is like ''chit bhi meri pat bhi meri''
Answer for aristotle Matter is not substance, compound of matter and form is substance Universals cannot be separated from particulars Cowness exists in cow and not separate and independent as accepted by plato U can write on these points This answer should start from refutation of plato's substance by aristotle and the acceptance of substance as having independent existence
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Comments
You should have not said that form is substance.
With that you have become platonic
For Aristotle 'form-matter' is substance.
Have a look at the image.
Is it form or matter or 'form-matter'?
When we say that 'A is B' then it points to identity i.e. A and B are one and the same thing
Sartre says that consciousness and nothingness are one and the same thing.
Hence 'consciousness is nothingness'
However Sartre has used nothingness in the sense of 'having awareness of lacking'
This means that although everything in this world lacks something but only consciousness/man is aware of these lackings.
For example, man is aware that he lacking IFS/IAS
The presence of this awareness of lack is the cause of his existence as man/conscious being/pour soi/being for itself.
So he emerges out of this sense/awareness of lack and creates his essence. (Existence precedes essence)
One interesting feature here is that 'lack' has been recognised as a positive category, like abhava of Sankar/Nyay etc
For example, if your date who had promised you to meet at the cafe shop did not turn up, you directly sense the lack of date in the café shop or on the chair/sofa.
You directly sense 'no call' or 'no message' from the date.
So absence has been positively recognised as consciousness.
But I find that Indian philosophy has an interesting answer to give.
Advaita says that even in awareness of lack, there is awareness.
You are 'aware' that there is lack.
This 'knowing-awareness' is Brahman/infinite consciousness/absolute.
It is like deep sleep state. When you wake from deep sleep, you say that I was asleep and hence do not remember anything.
However you still have awareness that you were in deep sleep.
For this reason, even Sancar accepted abhava as a positive category of knowledge as Anuplabdhi pramana
Shancar comes close.
Knowing awareness is always there, it is true
It is there in waking life, dream state, illusions etc
But what about deep sleep. In deep sleep, I do not find any awareness of anything.
How to solve this inconsistency in the philosophy is Advaita?
Could anyone figure out?
and wo NAY concept kya thi?
actually Tattvartha is not very difficult.
It is just summary of entire Jain Philosophy that we have read in coaching notes.
Tattvartha Sutta of Umaswami Acharya is divided into 10 chapters
Chapter 1-4 are on Jiva
Chapter 5 is on Ajeeva
Chapter 6,7,8,9 are on Ashrav, Bandh, Samvar and Nirjara
Chapter 10 on Liberation/Kaivalya
So these are the 7 Tatvas in this doctrine
It is like that chart of coaching notes given under doctrine of dravya/anekantvad
I like Hegel very much, one of Vivan's answer was alsp very helpful in understanding Hegel.
After Donald Trump's election I was wondering that if Democracy/Egalitarianism/inclusion is the highest Idea in polity, then why should Trump win on a divisive campaign.
Here I found a very interesting Hegelian view.
Hegel says that Idea can even provoke a contradiction which might appear against the Idea itself.
But Idea does this so as to accelerate its own development
For example, had there been no world wars, growth towards peace would have been very slow.
Similarly, it was only after Trump won that electorate which was sleeping on election day woke up and started protesting. Now they will not forget to vote next time. So democracy will deepen because of Trump.
So Hegel's theory is like ''chit bhi meri pat bhi meri''
Matter is not substance, compound of matter and form is substance
Universals cannot be separated from particulars
Cowness exists in cow and not separate and independent as accepted by plato
U can write on these points
This answer should start from refutation of plato's substance by aristotle and the acceptance of substance as having independent existence