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Anybody can issue masala bond . the question specially mentions "ifc masala bond" which are for private sector only .so option a is correct.
To all those discussing Masala bonds question, please note the following:
1. IFC is an organisation which gives loans and helps private sector only . Till this point you are correct.
2. Masala bonds doesn't come under their core functions. They can be issued by anyone. RBI has allowed IFC to issue Masala bonds for rupee-dominated debt. Now, here comes the catch. Just because IFC is giving loans to private sector, it doesn't mean they can issue Masala bonds only to private sector. There is no such rule anywhere in this world. It's kind of absurd. How can IFC say NTPC or ONGC cannot get rupee-denominated debt bonds from IFC but only private players can get?
actually they can, ab believe me or not but i know few IFC guys(IFC mumbai office) they told me that they can so i guess if IFC people says so than it has to be correct (trust me that's all i can say)
Anybody can issue masala bond . the question specially mentions "ifc masala bond" which are for private sector only .so option a is correct.
To all those discussing Masala bonds question, please note the following:
1. IFC is an organisation which gives loans and helps private sector only . Till this point you are correct.
2. Masala bonds doesn't come under their core functions. They can be issued by anyone. RBI has allowed IFC to issue Masala bonds for rupee-dominated debt. Now, here comes the catch. Just because IFC is giving loans to private sector, it doesn't mean they can issue Masala bonds only to private sector. There is no such rule anywhere in this world. It's kind of absurd. How can IFC say NTPC or ONGC cannot get rupee-denominated debt bonds from IFC but only private players can get?
this is 4m ifc website and see the 3rd line the purpose of that bond. the whole process is - ifc issues bond gets money invest in pvt sector (why - because they get money at lower interest rate due to safe nature).
What is the source for erripatta other than. The fact that it is a village in Tamil nadu and after more googling I found a word called erivariyam and some similar words but not erripatta , so that's why I am curious about this
intentionally flooding the field with water is a very common practice in India, now some of this water along with topsoil would run into gullies/nalas thus causing soil erosion. Drip irrigation if used as an alternative would prevent this thus reducing soil erosion. however weeds also help bind top soil and prevent soil erosion and drip irrigation doesn't allow weeds. so soil erosion ....50:50 now, another very common thing in India is usage of ground water in fields, this leads to salinity in soil. using drip irrigation would prevent that thereby reducing salinity of soil. also drip irrigation allows for effective usage of fertilizers, less fertilizers used less would be soil salinity so soil salinity should be right.
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http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/news_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/news+and+events/news/ifc+issues+first+green+masala+bond+on+london+stock+exchange
this is 4m ifc website and see the 3rd line the purpose of that bond.
the whole process is - ifc issues bond gets money invest in pvt sector (why - because they get money at lower interest rate due to safe nature).
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bBXLCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT209&dq=Eripatti&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjei-br47HOAhUITY8KHf89C4oQ6AEISDAI#v=onepage&q=Eripatti&f=false
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA593&lpg=PA593&dq=Taniyur&source=bl&ots=xebv6RcYiC&sig=ynD9dt31mULFcc27J33G3lU944c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiY3vGC47HOAhVCgI8KHQ1cD2cQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&q=Taniyur&f=false
all correct
http://m.thehindu.com/business/markets/ntpc-raises-rs-2000-cr-via-green-masala-bonds-for-clean-projects/article8943731.ece
I too fell for the public sector trap
And this article appeared on TH 3 days b4 pre
however weeds also help bind top soil and prevent soil erosion and drip irrigation doesn't allow weeds.
so soil erosion ....50:50
now, another very common thing in India is usage of ground water in fields, this leads to salinity in soil. using drip irrigation would prevent that thereby reducing salinity of soil.
also drip irrigation allows for effective usage of fertilizers, less fertilizers used less would be soil salinity
so soil salinity should be right.