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1. will post a question daily , let members who opted this thread write their answers ans have fruitful discussion 2. post here your answer for PSIR mains question, members here will see it, give marks and tell their recommendations to improve answer writing skill 3. if 1 question is daily practiced , we can do 346 mock questions, that much practice is sufficient to pass exam with flying colors
ok....this is a good idea... My suggestion is first start with the last 2 years question paper of mains exam....... those who have attended mock tests of teachers like Shubhra mam can also post questions from their class....
My answer: Considering it is a 20 marks question............
"End of Ideology" thesis originated in mid 1950s after reviewing the status of contemporary ideologies in the world. The liberal democratic model of the western countries consider ideology as a tool of totalitarianism and thus deprive ideology of any place in open society. The thesis also implies that at the advanced stage of industrial development or post capitalist society the political ideology ceases to influence the socio-economic organization of a country. So at such advanced and similar point of industrial development both communist and capitalist country will show similar characteristics irrespective of difference in ideologies.
Western writers like Dahrendorf stated that in such post capitalist society the industrial conflict do not influence the political and other spheres of social life. According to Daniel Bell the pattern of service sector overtaking the manufacturing sector in post capitalist societies is similar to all the countries irrespective of political ideologies.
In a nutshell the "end of Ideology" thesis say that the triumph of democracy in western countries has eroded the need of any political ideology to provide motivation for any political action. All industrialized societies are destined to similar development. The thesis was also directed against the new third world countries to prevent them from adopting communism for their remedy.
After the collapse of communism in East European countries and finally Soviet Union in 1991, "End of History" thesis emerged to support the earlier viewpoint. The thesis considers Western liberal democratic model as the final form of ideological evolution and human government. The main proponent Mr. Francis Fukuyama view this model as without any contradictions and capable of fulfilling basic human aspirations. So the victory of liberal democracy over socialism has ended finally a long historical struggle. As it suited the western countries, it gained wide publicity there.
The "End of Ideology" thesis is still justifiable in the present day context. The rise of China as second most powerful country in the world though with communist ideology justifies the applicability of the thesis. The industrial development in emerging countries like China, India, Brazil show that the political ideology plays no role in shaping the socio-economic organizations.
But the "End of history" debate can not be justified in the present context as it does not accept the complexity of human problems. There is no ready made solution to all human problems. To design the solution we still need relevant ideas from different ideologies like Gandhism, Feminism, liberalism, etc. Even western democratic countries like USA are not epitome of morality and justice.
good answer and at the end... good justifications..... @ adi17... today's question In what aspects ‘second cold war’ different from ‘first cold war’? How it affects world till today? 20marks
Brother let's practice section wise... first we will practice Paper-1 section A for 1 month and then section B for next 1 month. After that we will go to Paper 2. It will help to cover the syllabus for new people like me....
January 13-Topic - Political Theory - Q - "Political Theory confronts a number of problems and challenges as it enters the twenty-first century." Briefly discuss these challenges.
January 13-Topic - Political Theory - Q - "Political Theory confronts a number of problems and challenges as it enters the twenty-first century." Briefly discuss these challenges.
ANSWER:
Political Theory means an intellectual effort to attain the systematic knowledge of goals and method of politics. The three main functions of political theory are (1) Description (ii) Criticism and (iii) Reconstruction. The functions of political theory have become very critical in the 21st century as most of the problems have assumed global dimensions. The following are the major problems and challenges confronted by the Political Theory in 21st century:
1. Emergence of Post-Modernism: The two dominant ideological design in modern political theory is being challenged by the alternative strand of Post Modernism. It has led to New Social Movements with identity politics as the main element. This identity politics reject the basic tenets of liberalism like "universal rights" and that of Marxism like "class". Instead it advocates "community rights" and "local struggles". So Political Theory has to find some sort of synthesis of modern and post-modern political theory.
2. Materialism and Consumerism: The globalization is expected to increase the material desires and wants of an individual. But the moot question is whether it will be sufficient to produce "good citizens". According to Aristotle only good citizens would make a good state and it is only a good state which will make good citizens. Political Theory has to answer the effects of materialism on values like Justice, equality, etc.
3. Globalization vs Environmentalism: Increasing globalization is posed as danger to the environment. Political theory has to address these degrading effects of globalization on environment.
4. Role of state as maximal state: In the era of LPG, the welfare role of state is expected to decline. The political theory needs to address this paradox of the modern state which experiences good influence of market forces.
5. Sovereignty of States: The increasing role of MNC, WB, IMF, etc has eroded the external aspect of sovereignty in 21st century. The internal aspect of sovereignty is also affected by increasing role of NGOs in areas like human rights, Scrutiny by outside agencies like UNHRC, demand for greater transparency , right to information,etc.
6. Decentralized loyalty: Due to emergence of globalisation and indentity politics the loyalaty of a citizen towards the nations has reduced and is divided into supra-state loyalty and sub-state loyalty.
7. Growing Ethnic Conflicts: Political theory also faces challenges from rising ethnic violence, fundamentalism and marginalisation of minorities in 21st century.
8. Ethnic Federalism: The challenges posed by multiculturalism to the liberalism which has given rise to ethnic federalism will force liberal state to look for new sources of buying legitimacy. The notion of ethnic federalism will lead to decline of nation-state concept of nation.
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Comments
My suggestion is first start with the last 2 years question paper of mains exam.......
those who have attended mock tests of teachers like Shubhra mam can also post questions from their class....
1) what is difference between "end of ideology",and "end of history" thesis? is it justifiable these theses in present day context ?
bhai please also put the marks related to each question ..it will help us to maintain the world limit....
My answer: Considering it is a 20 marks question............
"End of Ideology" thesis originated in mid 1950s after reviewing the status of contemporary ideologies in the world. The liberal democratic model of the western countries consider ideology as a tool of totalitarianism and thus deprive ideology of any place in open society. The thesis also implies that at the advanced stage of industrial development or post capitalist society the political ideology ceases to influence the socio-economic organization of a country. So at such advanced and similar point of industrial development both communist and capitalist country will show similar characteristics irrespective of difference in ideologies.
Western writers like Dahrendorf stated that in such post capitalist society the industrial conflict do not influence the political and other spheres of social life. According to Daniel Bell the pattern of service sector overtaking the manufacturing sector in post capitalist societies is similar to all the countries irrespective of political ideologies.
In a nutshell the "end of Ideology" thesis say that the triumph of democracy in western countries has eroded the need of any political ideology to provide motivation for any political action. All industrialized societies are destined to similar development. The thesis was also directed against the new third world countries to prevent them from adopting communism for their remedy.
After the collapse of communism in East European countries and finally Soviet Union in 1991, "End of History" thesis emerged to support the earlier viewpoint. The thesis considers Western liberal democratic model as the final form of ideological evolution and human government. The main proponent Mr. Francis Fukuyama view this model as without any contradictions and capable of fulfilling basic human aspirations. So the victory of liberal democracy over socialism has ended finally a long historical struggle. As it suited the western countries, it gained wide publicity there.
The "End of Ideology" thesis is still justifiable in the present day context. The rise of China as second most powerful country in the world though with communist ideology justifies the applicability of the thesis. The industrial development in emerging countries like China, India, Brazil show that the political ideology plays no role in shaping the socio-economic organizations.
But the "End of history" debate can not be justified in the present context as it does not accept the complexity of human problems. There is no ready made solution to all human problems. To design the solution we still need relevant ideas from different ideologies like Gandhism, Feminism, liberalism, etc. Even western democratic countries like USA are not epitome of morality and justice.
@ adi17...
today's question
In what aspects ‘second cold war’ different from ‘first cold war’? How it affects world till today? 20marks
Brother let's practice section wise... first we will practice Paper-1 section A for 1 month and then section B for next 1 month. After that we will go to Paper 2. It will help to cover the syllabus for new people like me....
@bhargavjoy @Deepak_Pandey
bhai log please chip in .... we can practice 2 questions daily....
Political Theory means an intellectual effort to attain the systematic knowledge of goals and method of politics. The three main functions of political theory are (1) Description (ii) Criticism and (iii) Reconstruction. The functions of political theory have become very critical in the 21st century as most of the problems have assumed global dimensions. The following are the major problems and challenges confronted by the Political Theory in 21st century:
1. Emergence of Post-Modernism: The two dominant ideological design in modern political theory is being challenged by the alternative strand of Post Modernism. It has led to New Social Movements with identity politics as the main element. This identity politics reject the basic tenets of liberalism like "universal rights" and that of Marxism like "class". Instead it advocates "community rights" and "local struggles". So Political Theory has to find some sort of synthesis of modern and post-modern political theory.
2. Materialism and Consumerism: The globalization is expected to increase the material desires and wants of an individual. But the moot question is whether it will be sufficient to produce "good citizens". According to Aristotle only good citizens would make a good state and it is only a good state which will make good citizens. Political Theory has to answer the effects of materialism on values like Justice, equality, etc.
3. Globalization vs Environmentalism: Increasing globalization is posed as danger to the environment. Political theory has to address these degrading effects of globalization on environment.
4. Role of state as maximal state: In the era of LPG, the welfare role of state is expected to decline. The political theory needs to address this paradox of the modern state which experiences good influence of market forces.
5. Sovereignty of States: The increasing role of MNC, WB, IMF, etc has eroded the external aspect of sovereignty in 21st century. The internal aspect of sovereignty is also affected by increasing role of NGOs in areas like human rights, Scrutiny by outside agencies like UNHRC, demand for greater transparency , right to information,etc.
6. Decentralized loyalty: Due to emergence of globalisation and indentity politics the loyalaty of a citizen towards the nations has reduced and is divided into supra-state loyalty and sub-state loyalty.
7. Growing Ethnic Conflicts: Political theory also faces challenges from rising ethnic violence, fundamentalism and marginalisation of minorities in 21st century.
8. Ethnic Federalism: The challenges posed by multiculturalism to the liberalism which has given rise to ethnic federalism will force liberal state to look for new sources of buying legitimacy. The notion of ethnic federalism will lead to decline of nation-state concept of nation.