What are the various nuances in Prelims which one must remember?

sid@ias

Territory of india is not the same as union if india. The former includes union territories too, latter doesn't.

sid@ias

86th amendment 2010 brought changes in parts 3, 4 and 4a.

sid@ias

In menka gandhi case article 21 got wider connotation with "procedure established by law" making room for "due procedure of law."

john_locke

Mid-latitude cyclones are the result of
the dynamic interaction of warm tropical and cold
polar air masses at the polar front. This interaction
causes the warm air to be cyclonically lifted
vertically into the atmosphere where it combines
with colder upper atmospheric air. This process also
helps to transport excess energy from the lower
latitudes to the higher latitudes.This process also
helps to transport excess energy from the lower
latitudes to the higher latitudes. The mid-latitude
cyclone is rarely motionless and commonly travels
about 1200 kilometers in one day. Its direction of
movement is generally eastward . Precise movement
of this weather system is controlled by the
orientation of the polar jet stream in the upper
troposphere. An estimate of future movement of the
mid-latitude cyclone can be determined by the winds
directly behind the cold front. If the winds are 70
kilometers per hour, the cyclone can be projected to
continue its movement along the ground surface at
this velocity.

john_locke

On the basis of study of conditions of growth for
sugarcane, following three distinct belts of
sugarcane cultivation can be identified.
(i) The Satluj-Ganga plain from Punjab to Bihar
containing 51 per cent of the total area and 60 per
cent of the country’s total production.
(ii) The black soil belt from Maharashtra to Tamil
Nadu along the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.
(iii) Coastal Andhra and the Krishna Valley.
Here, it is worth drawing a comparison between
sugarcane cultivation in the northern and the
southern parts of India. In northern plain of India,
the summer temperatures ranging from 30° to 35°C
and dry scorching winds called ‘loo’ in May and June
hamper the normal growth of the cane.
In the winter months of December and January the
sugarcane crop is likely to be damaged by
excessively cold weather accompanied by frost.
Consequently the yield/hectare is low. In south
India, on the other hand, the absence of ‘loo’ during
the summer and reasonably high temperature
during the frost free winter, coupled with the
maritime winds in the coastal areas are some of the climatic factors which are extremely beneficial to
this crop.
The paradoxical character of sugarcane cultivation
in India is that whereas south India offers more
favourable climatic conditions for the growth of
sugarcane, the most important sugarcane belt lies in
north India. There are two reasons for such a
contradictory situation.
Before the World War I, this area was mainly used
for growing indigo which was the most favourite
cash crop with the farmers at that time. But with the
introduction of cheap aniline dyes, indigo lost its
market and its cultivation had to be discontinued
after the First World War.
Consequently, its place was taken by sugarcane
cultivation. Another reason is that sugarcane has to
face tough competition for land from a number of
other cash crops such as cotton, tobacco,
groundnut, coconut, etc. in the south.

john_locke

The areas of highest salinity are found
near the tropics from where the salinity decreases
towards the equator and towards the poles. Near the
equator,there is heavy rainfall, high relative
humidity cloudiness etc. due to which there is lesser
amount of salinity compared to tropical region

sid@ias

Simple closure: sufficiently discussed so the bill be put to vote.

Closure by compartment: divide it in parts, then debate n vote upon.

Kangaroo closure: debate n vote upon only important parts; rest be assumed to be passed.

Guillotine: due to lack of time, some parts to be voted upon without being debated.

sid@ias

Policy cut: to be reduced to Rs. 1

Economy cut: reduce a specific amount.

Token cut: reduce Rs. 100

Concept: policy cut when we disagree with the expenditure ; economy cut when we want it to be done in a thrifty manner; token cut when we agree with the expenditure proposal.

vivacious21

Pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries Oxygen-poor blood. It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs where diffusion takes place and CO2 diffuses out and Oxygen diffuses in.

and ..

The pulmonary veins(4 of them) are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood from lungs onto heart !!
*lahoo se seenchna*

i think umbilcal artery(impure blood) and umbilical vein(pure blood) add to the list respectively.
correct me if i m wrong
@mango_dolly @Joker

achillesfan

The Kanishka initiated the Saka era on his accession to the throne in 78 A D.
Even though Kanishka is from Kushan Empire,this Period is identified with Saka name ,not to be confused with Saka Empire.
Indians considered both of them as external tribes & Saka were 1st to be indianized before Kushans,so both were carried under Same name.

Other facts:
The Saka era, also known as the Shalivahana era, was adopted by the Indian government as the Indian national calendar.
Astronomers like Varahmihira, mathematician Brahmagupta and historians like Kalhana used Saka era in their celebrated works, as did the Gurjaras of Bhinmal, Chalukyas of Badami and Rashtrakutas of Deccan.
The 1st day of Saka Calendar is celebrated as new year in areas of Maharashtra and Goa as Gudi Padwa, in Karnataka, Telangana & AP as Ugadi.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saka_era