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Q. Voluntary organizations have become tools of sensitization of governmental agencies. comment. Ans. In a developed democracy voluntary organization plays a major role in the stability of system. They act as a catalyst in the proper functioning of government as well as empowerment of people. They not only sensitize governmental agencies but also people. And beyond sensitization they help the system in many ways:- a. Developing democracy:- Voluntary organization enrich the society politically, socially and culturally and enhance the capacity of the society to function on democratic lines. In last lok sabha election number of voters reached its maximum is a good example on how these organizations spread awareness. b. Transparency and openness:- Work of organizations like mazdoor kishan shakti sangathan had played a major role in bringing RTI act. Many other organizations are continuously working in implementing it properly. c. Increases civic competence:- These organizations indirectly pressures people to follow social norms and have respect for law and order. In recent Swatchh Bharat mission these organization helped a lot. d. Policy formulation:- India against corruption and many other organization played major role in the draft of lokpal act. e. Policy implementation and evaluation:- Organizations like PRATHAM plays a major role in implementation and evaluation of education policies. f. Sensitization of government agencies:- Voluntary organization plays a major role in sensitizing government agencies and transform them from rule driven to mission driven bureaucracy. Eg. Centre for science and environment helped in bringing CNG buses in delhi, other movements like narmada bachao, chipko movement etc are examples in other fields. These voluntary organizations are not mere tools of sensitization but are playing a bigger role in democracy. Many times they are considered as fourth pillar of governance.
Q. Critically examine the Riggsian concept of differentiation in context of post-globalisation era. Ans. Riggs defined development as a process of increasing autonomy of social system made possible by rising level of diffraction. Diffraction consists of two processes differentiation and integration. According to Riggs differentiation means existence of a situation in which every function has a corresponding specialised structure for its performance. Eg economic sub-system, administrative sub-system, political sub-system etc. But in the era of globalization, nations boundaries are diminishing and world is slowly becoming a global village. With these changes the boundaries of different sub-systems are also diminishing in both developed and developing world. Big corporations provide different quality of products in different countries based on their economic and social system. Social system affects political system. Role of Indian diaspora in Britain politics or Jewish role in American politics is highly visible. In economic sub-system differentiation is done between developed and developing countries product in the name of child rights, labour rights, environmentalism etc. There are not working according to true market principles. So, in post globalization era Riggsian model needs an overlook to define development, diffraction and differentiation.
Q. The term development Administration can be used only in a broad sense to mark the variety of approaches and point of view. Discuss Ans. The concept development administration developed after world war II. After world war II most of the colonial countries got independence and wanted to develop very fast. There desire to telescope time and distance and achieve fast socio-economic growth led to the development of many theories known as development administration. Thinkers like Riggs, Wiedner, Lucian Pye etc believe that there is deep relation between developmental and non-developmental works. And development administration can be divided into development of administration and administration of development. Few more views on development administration are:- Comparative politics group:- They believe that it is the process by which stability in political structure can be brought. If political structure is stable then development will itself follow. Comparative administrative group:- According to them DA is the process of comparative study of administrative system to bring rapid socio-economic development. Organisational view:- According to them DA is the application of traditional bureaucratic system to bring fast pace development. Ecological view;- Thinkers like Riggs and Heady believe that ecological conditions of different countries are different and to bring rapid development it is important to study them. So, there are many perspective of seeing development administration. Even many thinkers gave anti development thesis who were not satisfied with the above definitions. There is no unanimous definition of DA. Broadly it is used of all the theories whose target is to provide rapid socio-economic development to developing countries.
"Laws are encted without involving police in the conception stage , with the result implementation of law leaves much to be desired " . Examine role of police in protection of children?? 2013 , 20 marks
"Laws are encted without involving police in the conception stage , with the result implementation of law leaves much to be desired " . Examine role of police in protection of children?? 2013 , 20 marks
"Decisions are not made by organizations, but by 'human beings' behaving as the member of org". How do Bernanrd and Simon conceptualize the relation between the decisions of the individual employee and the organization authority? 25 marks(2013)
"Decisions are not made by organizations, but by 'human beings' behaving as the member of org". How do Bernanrd and Simon conceptualize the relation between the decisions of the individual employee and the organization authority? 25 marks(2013)
can some one please attempt this?
Presently I am doing 2014 paper. Once it is finished then I will attempt 2013.
Q. The bottom line for governance is outcomes rather than the outputs of government. Analyse in context of e-government and e-governance. Ans. The use of technology for communication and problem solving by government is called e-government. And when this technology is used in a networked approach in which all stakeholders works together then it is called e-governance. This technology may include computer, mobile, fax, internet etc as per requirement. In India this development took place in two phases:- E-Government (1980s-90s) - In early phase India was under license quota raj and import and use of these devices was highly restricted. Slowly government started digitalizing government departments. It brought many changes:- • Increased efficiency of many departments eg Railways. • Helped in better file management. • Better flow of communication. • Increased processing speed. • Decreased chances of manual errors and corruptions. • Helped in better planning, execution and evaluation. So under e-government regime there was improvement in output and efficiency but it failed to bring much improvement in outcomes and effectiveness. It created a digital divide which indirectly also harmed the output and in some cases increased corruption. E-Governance (2000s-till now) :- In this phase government was under LPG reform paradigm. Many other dominant factors in this phase are demand for more rights, civil society activism, rising number of NGOs, increased awareness about technology etc. All these factors resulted in :- A better coordinated approach for governance. • Government emphasis on empowerment of common people. • Focus on connecting everyone under national optical fibre mission. • Use of technology for planning, execution and evaluation by every stakeholders. • Better connection between government and citizens via portals like mygov.in etc. • Digital India to convert India into a digital super power. • Various mission mode projects. • In every government scheme, government has giving adequate importance to technology and especially in user friendly way. Now people can utilize government schemes in a better way. They can participate, help and also raise their voice on different issues. Overall e-governance has increased transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of government.
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Comments
Ans. In a developed democracy voluntary organization plays a major role in the stability of system. They act as a catalyst in the proper functioning of government as well as empowerment of people.
They not only sensitize governmental agencies but also people. And beyond sensitization they help the system in many ways:-
a. Developing democracy:- Voluntary organization enrich the society politically, socially and culturally and enhance the capacity of the society to function on democratic lines. In last lok sabha election number of voters reached its maximum is a good example on how these organizations spread awareness.
b. Transparency and openness:- Work of organizations like mazdoor kishan shakti sangathan had played a major role in bringing RTI act. Many other organizations are continuously working in implementing it properly.
c. Increases civic competence:- These organizations indirectly pressures people to follow social norms and have respect for law and order. In recent Swatchh Bharat mission these organization helped a lot.
d. Policy formulation:- India against corruption and many other organization played major role in the draft of lokpal act.
e. Policy implementation and evaluation:- Organizations like PRATHAM plays a major role in implementation and evaluation of education policies.
f. Sensitization of government agencies:- Voluntary organization plays a major role in sensitizing government agencies and transform them from rule driven to mission driven bureaucracy. Eg. Centre for science and environment helped in bringing CNG buses in delhi, other movements like narmada bachao, chipko movement etc are examples in other fields.
These voluntary organizations are not mere tools of sensitization but are playing a bigger role in democracy. Many times they are considered as fourth pillar of governance.
Ans. Riggs defined development as a process of increasing autonomy of social system made possible by rising level of diffraction. Diffraction consists of two processes differentiation and integration.
According to Riggs differentiation means existence of a situation in which every function has a corresponding specialised structure for its performance. Eg economic sub-system, administrative sub-system, political sub-system etc.
But in the era of globalization, nations boundaries are diminishing and world is slowly becoming a global village. With these changes the boundaries of different sub-systems are also diminishing in both developed and developing world.
Big corporations provide different quality of products in different countries based on their economic and social system. Social system affects political system. Role of Indian diaspora in Britain politics or Jewish role in American politics is highly visible.
In economic sub-system differentiation is done between developed and developing countries product in the name of child rights, labour rights, environmentalism etc. There are not working according to true market principles.
So, in post globalization era Riggsian model needs an overlook to define development, diffraction and differentiation.
Ans. The concept development administration developed after world war II. After world war II most of the colonial countries got independence and wanted to develop very fast. There desire to telescope time and distance and achieve fast socio-economic growth led to the development of many theories known as development administration.
Thinkers like Riggs, Wiedner, Lucian Pye etc believe that there is deep relation between developmental and non-developmental works. And development administration can be divided into development of administration and administration of development.
Few more views on development administration are:-
Comparative politics group:- They believe that it is the process by which stability in political structure can be brought. If political structure is stable then development will itself follow.
Comparative administrative group:- According to them DA is the process of comparative study of administrative system to bring rapid socio-economic development.
Organisational view:- According to them DA is the application of traditional bureaucratic system to bring fast pace development.
Ecological view;- Thinkers like Riggs and Heady believe that ecological conditions of different countries are different and to bring rapid development it is important to study them.
So, there are many perspective of seeing development administration. Even many thinkers gave anti development thesis who were not satisfied with the above definitions. There is no unanimous definition of DA. Broadly it is used of all the theories whose target is to provide rapid socio-economic development to developing countries.
@firststep @doodlebean mam please review .
can some one please attempt this?
Ans. The use of technology for communication and problem solving by government is called e-government. And when this technology is used in a networked approach in which all stakeholders works together then it is called e-governance. This technology may include computer, mobile, fax, internet etc as per requirement.
In India this development took place in two phases:-
E-Government (1980s-90s) - In early phase India was under license quota raj and import and use of these devices was highly restricted. Slowly government started digitalizing government departments. It brought many changes:-
• Increased efficiency of many departments eg Railways.
• Helped in better file management.
• Better flow of communication.
• Increased processing speed.
• Decreased chances of manual errors and corruptions.
• Helped in better planning, execution and evaluation.
So under e-government regime there was improvement in output and efficiency but it failed to bring much improvement in outcomes and effectiveness. It created a digital divide which indirectly also harmed the output and in some cases increased corruption.
E-Governance (2000s-till now) :-
In this phase government was under LPG reform paradigm. Many other dominant factors in this phase are demand for more rights, civil society activism, rising number of NGOs, increased awareness about technology etc. All these factors resulted in :-
A better coordinated approach for governance.
• Government emphasis on empowerment of common people.
• Focus on connecting everyone under national optical fibre mission.
• Use of technology for planning, execution and evaluation by every stakeholders.
• Better connection between government and citizens via portals like mygov.in etc.
• Digital India to convert India into a digital super power.
• Various mission mode projects.
• In every government scheme, government has giving adequate importance to technology and especially in user friendly way.
Now people can utilize government schemes in a better way. They can participate, help and also raise their voice on different issues. Overall e-governance has increased transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of government.