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Q2(a) To what extent has political culture influenced administrative culture of India? Explain.
My inputs (Correct me if wrong)
PC= ppl's attitudes towards politics+ operating norms of polity+ political ideals
Impact of PC on AC - distrust towards politician class due to scams and all => admin morale affected - coalition politics => ad-hocism => clarity for administration that implements is less - Vote-bank politics + populism => preference for certain interest groups => others neglected=> admin maybe predisposed in a similar way => neutrality affected - patronage-based dynastic policies => centralized polity => lesser autonomy for the expert admin - centralization (Indira years) => committed bureaucracy - PC = knee-jerk response (like frequent transfers) to emergency situations (Eg rape cases) just to avoid criticism => admin morale/stability/effectiveness suffers - secrecy in political dealings => similar opaqueness in administrative functioning as well
"To what extent" - overall, AC largely affected by PC.
Q2(a) To what extent has political culture influenced administrative culture of India? Explain.
My inputs (Correct me if wrong)
PC= ppl's attitudes towards politics+ operating norms of polity+ political ideals
Impact of PC on AC - distrust towards politician class due to scams and all => admin morale affected - coalition politics => ad-hocism => clarity for administration that implements is less - Vote-bank politics + populism => preference for certain interest groups => others neglected=> admin maybe predisposed in a similar way => neutrality affected - patronage-based dynastic policies => centralized polity => lesser autonomy for the expert admin - centralization (Indira years) => committed bureaucracy - PC = knee-jerk response (like frequent transfers) to emergency situations (Eg rape cases) just to avoid criticism => admin morale/stability/effectiveness suffers - secrecy in political dealings => similar opaqueness in administrative functioning as well
"To what extent" - overall, AC largely affected by PC.
Some inputs from my side........ 1. Bureaucracy in US helped to spread capitalism and the same bureaucracy helped soviet to spread communism , so there is no doubt that political culture highly influences administrative culture. 2. Then some theory part :- Lucian pye( Dualism) Hamza alvi( over developed polity) Riggs Weber etc. 3. Then some Indian content :- Divided the time period in 4 phases :- Nehruvian ( administrators like C D Deshmukh, Menon etc), Indira and morarji period (subservient bureaucracy) Coalition politics( nexus and vohra committe report) Recent Period( Steps taken by modi to give more authority and VRS scheme for non performing bureacrats) etc. 4. Conclusion with some ARC recommendations.
In very recent time, the role of the State Governor is found to be more of diplomatic than administrative nature.” Comment on the statement with suitable examples. Ans: State governor being diplomatic: -As he/she neither elected indirectly or directly . Not taken from the same state. - During coalition government appointing CM from majority group . - Acts as governor to two states. Eg: Andhra and Telangana. - Not sending reports to President at first instant rather keeping state legislation in suspended animation ,not dissolving state assemblyEg: Tamil nadu after CM disqualified appointing a member from majority party, J&K time given for groups to decide the potential CM. - Administrative nature: As head of state appoints executive heads(SEC.AG,SPSC), ministers,CM. Rules specify for business transaction.Using Discretionary powers cautiously.
Center and State run under dual polity provisions with division of powers Governor as head of State works as a non-political person who preserves Unity of Nation,federalism(Diplomat who does not offend rather being administrator who follow rules framed under law within lines ).
@firststep and Other seniors: How to approach this question. Can you please state few examples(recent).
Q2(a) To what extent has political culture influenced administrative culture of India? Explain.
We could begin with Ferrel Heady's concentric circles idea. Adm culture influenced largely by the political setting. However, other factors such as history also important.
Organizational culture is shaped by the leadership at the top. For Administration, this leadership is the political executive.
In the Indian context- Constitution- Ambedkar's views that the form of administration must be appropriate to and in the same form as that of the constitution.
2. Early days post independence- Political culture marked by idealism, values of national movement- Unity, nation building, respecting the neutrality and impartiality of the civil service. Hence Adm culture largely marked by non partisan behavior, objectivity, high standards of professional conduct.
However, the colonial hangover too existed. While politics had moved towards democracy, administration it was observed still displayed the ivory tower attitude and was found out of sync with the requirements of development administration
3. 60s and 70s- Political culture- Heavy emphasis on socialism . Also marked by increasing criminalization of politics- Hence inspector raj and a power asymmetry in society. Also led to Neutrality and impartiality of services compromised. Nepotism and favoritism in postings and transfers- led to reduced organizational effectiveness. Adm culture now marked by apathy, inertia and rent seeking behavior.
4. Late 80s and nineties- Politics moves towards liberalization, also 73rd and 74th amendments. Hence emphasis on active citizen particpation, deepening of democracy. Adm culture begins to orient towards being facilitators.Change in roles of DCs.
6. Early 2000s to present. NPM movements, further liberalisation,Glocalisation. Hence efforts at Adm reform- SARC recommendations on leaner flatter structures so as to make the adm culture responsive, service oriented.
Q. Waldo's The Administrative State provides a fundamental challenge to some of the orthodox premises. Explain (10)
Ans. Dwight Waldo has been one the contemporary contributors to public administration. He has criticized the orthodox view of public administration on the following grounds:
1. Rejection of the Politics Administration Dichotomy: He has rejected this both from descriptive and normative perspective. Politics administration fusion is a must to formulate appropriate policies and their efficient implementation. 2. Centralisation: Orthodox public administration emphassized on excessive concentration of authority in single hand. But this could result in misuse of authority for vested interests. Moreover in contemporary era of networking there is need to empower the citizen and adopt a participatory approach 3. Genericness of Administration: He rejected the classical principle of ' Administration is administration, there is nothing public about it'. Public administration is to ensure that the democratic values are adequately fulfilled and thereby is different from private administration. 4. Identification of principles to develop science of administration: He criticized this by saying that the informal and irrational aspect of organization were ignored by classical theorists.
Thus, Waldo highlighted the drawbacks of the classical premises of public administration and advocated establishing a value laiden public administration through his publications and the Minnow Brooks conference.
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Comments
Q2(a) To what extent has political culture influenced administrative culture of India? Explain.
My inputs (Correct me if wrong)
PC= ppl's attitudes towards politics+ operating norms of polity+ political ideals
Impact of PC on AC
- distrust towards politician class due to scams and all => admin morale affected
- coalition politics => ad-hocism => clarity for administration that implements is less
- Vote-bank politics + populism => preference for certain interest groups => others neglected=> admin maybe predisposed in a similar way => neutrality affected
- patronage-based dynastic policies => centralized polity => lesser autonomy for the expert admin
- centralization (Indira years) => committed bureaucracy
- PC = knee-jerk response (like frequent transfers) to emergency situations (Eg rape cases) just to avoid criticism => admin morale/stability/effectiveness suffers
- secrecy in political dealings => similar opaqueness in administrative functioning as well
"To what extent" - overall, AC largely affected by PC.
What say @firststep and other noble fellas?
1. Bureaucracy in US helped to spread capitalism and the same bureaucracy helped soviet to spread communism , so there is no doubt that political culture highly influences administrative culture.
2. Then some theory part :- Lucian pye( Dualism) Hamza alvi( over developed polity) Riggs Weber etc.
3. Then some Indian content :- Divided the time period in 4 phases :- Nehruvian ( administrators like C D Deshmukh, Menon etc), Indira and morarji period (subservient bureaucracy) Coalition politics( nexus and vohra committe report) Recent Period( Steps taken by modi to give more authority and VRS scheme for non performing bureacrats) etc.
4. Conclusion with some ARC recommendations.
Ans: State governor being diplomatic:
-As he/she neither elected indirectly or directly . Not taken from the same state.
- During coalition government appointing CM from majority group .
- Acts as governor to two states. Eg: Andhra and Telangana.
- Not sending reports to President at first instant rather keeping state legislation in suspended animation ,not dissolving state assemblyEg: Tamil nadu after CM disqualified appointing a member from majority party, J&K time given for groups to decide the potential CM.
- Administrative nature: As head of state appoints executive heads(SEC.AG,SPSC), ministers,CM. Rules specify for business transaction.Using Discretionary powers cautiously.
Center and State run under dual polity provisions with division of powers Governor as head of State works as a non-political person who preserves Unity of Nation,federalism(Diplomat who does not offend rather being administrator who follow rules framed under law within lines ).
@firststep and Other seniors: How to approach this question. Can you please state few examples(recent).
We could begin with Ferrel Heady's concentric circles idea. Adm culture influenced largely by the political setting. However, other factors such as history also important.
Organizational culture is shaped by the leadership at the top. For Administration, this leadership is the political executive.
In the Indian context- Constitution- Ambedkar's views that the form of administration must be appropriate to and in the same form as that of the constitution.
2. Early days post independence- Political culture marked by idealism, values of national movement- Unity, nation building, respecting the neutrality and impartiality of the civil service. Hence Adm culture largely marked by non partisan behavior, objectivity, high standards of professional conduct.
However, the colonial hangover too existed. While politics had moved towards democracy, administration it was observed still displayed the ivory tower attitude and was found out of sync with the requirements of development administration
3. 60s and 70s- Political culture- Heavy emphasis on socialism . Also marked by increasing criminalization of politics- Hence inspector raj and a power asymmetry in society. Also led to Neutrality and impartiality of services compromised. Nepotism and favoritism in postings and transfers- led to reduced organizational effectiveness. Adm culture now marked by apathy, inertia and rent seeking behavior.
4. Late 80s and nineties- Politics moves towards liberalization, also 73rd and 74th amendments. Hence emphasis on active citizen particpation, deepening of democracy. Adm culture begins to orient towards being facilitators.Change in roles of DCs.
6. Early 2000s to present. NPM movements, further liberalisation,Glocalisation. Hence efforts at Adm reform- SARC recommendations on leaner flatter structures so as to make the adm culture responsive, service oriented.
Ans. Dwight Waldo has been one the contemporary contributors to public administration. He has criticized the orthodox view of public administration on the following grounds:
1. Rejection of the Politics Administration Dichotomy: He has rejected this both from descriptive and normative perspective. Politics administration fusion is a must to formulate appropriate policies and their efficient implementation.
2. Centralisation: Orthodox public administration emphassized on excessive concentration of authority in single hand. But this could result in misuse of authority for vested interests. Moreover in contemporary era of networking there is need to empower the citizen and adopt a participatory approach
3. Genericness of Administration: He rejected the classical principle of ' Administration is administration, there is nothing public about it'. Public administration is to ensure that the democratic values are adequately fulfilled and thereby is different from private administration.
4. Identification of principles to develop science of administration: He criticized this by saying that the informal and irrational aspect of organization were ignored by classical theorists.
Thus, Waldo highlighted the drawbacks of the classical premises of public administration and advocated establishing a value laiden public administration through his publications and the Minnow Brooks conference.
Thanks in advance
Critically examine the Classical Science of Administration with special reference to its criticism by Dwight Waldo and Robert Dhal.
Elucidate whether increasing organizational size gives rise to dialectical forces having opposite organization effects