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Since beginning nations have been contesting for stake of Arctics. India also could not resist this race of its share in the Arctic stake. Nation surrounding the Arctics has already done its survey and study of the energy reserves it contains below the ice caps.
In recent decades melting of the ice due to global warming has alerted and awaken the nations of the world to the Arctics. Melting of the Arctics have both positive and negative outcomes and results. Arctic council the countries circumferencing the arcticshave always seen the melting of the Arctics as welcome signal for their economy. The non-arctic council which will have negative result due to climatic change and global are also contesting of their share in the artics.
Melting of Arctics will unleash the huge reserves of natural gas and petroleum oil for the exploration of the nations of the arctic council. Alongwith fossil fuels, huge mineral reserves of manganese, cobalt, iron etc. in the deep sea ocean bed will also be subjected to competition. Melting of ice will also open the vast artic sea for maritime commerce and trade routes. Hence the arctics nations will also try to exert their geo-political significance on these maritime routes.
This contesting of the share of the huge economics potentials will always lead to nations fighting for their share and stakes. And this may again result into formations of interest groups and blocks which may confront each other for their sovereignity in the region. Hence arctic race may lead to new Cold War in near future.
3. Extremism can termed termed as adamant or extreme ideology. In earlier context, extremism was thought to be the result of less development and denial of their rights. Once extremism evolves it grows cumulatively as it tries to oppose the government and its development activities in the region. This resistance results into slow development of the region and which again promotes the growth of the extremism.
However in present world cause of extremism is not only restricted to economic development and deprivation but it is also fueled by the non-states actors for their political and national benefits. The violent method adopted by the extremist also harms the people for whom they claim to be fighting for. Violent methods are adopted to gain control and access over the area or region.
Non co-operation of the government and the local people against their illogical and irrational demands makes them frustrated, and provoke them to adopt the means which are violent. They often demands of the money, which they ultimately use for arming themselves. Extremism is not only prevalent in India as a naxalism but also in neighbouring countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan etc. with long history.
This presence of extremism in the region not only disturb the development activities but also life of the people associated with them. Hence the extremist demands expanded from monetary to regional control and access with no interference of the state actors.
o MDG agreed upon in 1990--strive to reduce disparity,inequality and attain inclusive growth--goal5-maternity health--aim-600(1990) to 150(2015)
various steps takn by govt are
oNRHM-2005-asha-special focus on 18 steps with weak public health infra ojanani shishu surakshya karyakram ojanani suraksha yojana oindira Gandhi matritva sahyog yojana ofood security act-pregnant n lactatating mother health benefit of 6k omother and child tracking oaddrssing anaemia-provison of iron tablets schme OICDS-for girl child oSABLA
pvt sector-direct and indirect working in synergy with govt omaternity leave oCSR activities ocontractual appointment of health care personnel and hiring of pvt personnel oreferral services
lacunae remains-needs to be addressed thru multidimensional approach incorporating social,legal,eco dimns
oeconomics-funds eaten up due to corruption..eg-UP NRHM scam 2011 ogirl child negect -women empowerment-still distant call through lately SHG,affirmitive action by govt etc changing the picture-india ranks low on gender empowerment index olegal changes like amendment to medical termination of pregnancy act needed to prevent women going for unsafe abortions resulting in death-present 2 doc n 2 gnae-need for 1 doc and 1 gynae oeducation of girl child-knowledge on health
though world bank presents gloomy picture,the reports of registar general of india remains postive under which india will achieve MDG target by 2015 with significal decreses of maternity deaths each yr(some 140/2015)
No society in the world can be welfare society until unless it identifies and give the rights & entitlements of the people, especially in India where considerable amount of people are farmers and suffering from hunger. India being gradually marching towards this approach has enacted the laws which tackles the problem of hunger and landless people.
Food security bill which is recently passed in the parliament is major step and achievement to feed the millions of hungry population in the country. By passing these it will legal right for the hungry people to have their entitled food from public distribution system. The food security bill entitles the poor people every month wheat, rice and millet as mentioned in the bill. Bill also considers to strengthens the supply chain management and effective & efficient control, distribution and management of public distribution system.
Land acquisition resettlement and rehabilitation bill gives rights to the farmers to get the appropriate compensation alongwith proper resettlement and rehabilitations. The bill also discuss the impact assessment of the acquisition and the empowers the role of gram sabha as an organ of local government.
Both bills FSB and LARR however have their own bottlenecks and constraints. Food security bill faces the problem of huge import of food grains from the other countries which will be regulated by WTO, as it is claimed by WTO that it will distort the trade pattern. Meanwhile to produce the foodgrains domestically India need to give boost to agriculture sector through appropriate pricing mechanism, genetically modified crops, agricultural financing and land reforms. Coming to the LARR, there is a discontent from the farmers that they are consulted and not consented. Improper implementation in compensation of price, rehabilitation, resettlement, corruption in bureaucracy.
Hence it can be said that India can definitely became citizens' welfare if the laws are implemented thoroughly.
Global diplomcy since 1990's has been increasingly focused around the hitherto tranquil region of the artic.this has been attributed to the increasing energy hunger among nation states and has been bolstered by clamate change which has exposed the artic resouces to human exploitation.
The artic council,a conglomerate of nations initially formed to address climate change and concerns of the indigenous people of the artic has been increasingly shifting its agenda towards energy diplomacy and protecting its interests in the region as has been witnessed in its recent meetings;the most recent being the kiruna declaration.Increasing number of nations have expressed desire and has been made a part of the council-the recent admission of india as an observer state being an exemplification of the same.
the interest of nations in the region which might lead to prospects of cw
oenergy security-melting of ice and scramble for enegy resouces. oterritorial EEZ disputes-melting of ice can lead to EEZ disputes among nations...already such disputes exist betn Canada n Denmark Sea lanes-opening up of sea lanes can provide alternate routes for transport of energy..for india this is imp...in case a war erupts betn india n china..indian plans are aimed at blocking the st of Malacca route..the artic route will provide china an alternate pathway for energy transport..
however in best interest of all states.. --cooperation is key--climate change is a global common---however in an eventuality of a cw transcending to a hot war in future, some states have been vouching for creation of artic nuclear free zone and this should be acted upon.
3.Both historical and more recent trends would seem to suggest that rising (and frustrated) expectations are a far more frequent source of extremism than mere economic deprivation.” Evaluate in the context of India and its neighboring countries
Extremism is an ideology which is considered to be outside the mainstream attitude of society and which violate common moral standards.Development deficit has been the prime mover behind the rise of various manifestations of insurgency in dev countries like india-naxalism,moaism(Nepal) to name a few.Yet religious funademtalism,sovereignty issues,intolerance,extravagance and easy money are other attributes behind extremism which has threatened our fundamental and natural right to live.
1.development defict/economic deprivation-Analysed through the case study of naxalism in india oreasons like state of land reforms,lack of entitlements trickling down etc..
oMao Zedong's fish in water theory- people's support to naxalsim due to discontent...(fish=militant,water=people)
2.religious fundamentalsm-analysed through the case of Taliban in afghan and SIMI in india oimposition of sharia law etc
3.Soverignty issues-analysed through the case of ULFA of assam/NSCN of nagalan oULFA-rejects being a part of india forced through yandaboo treaty oNSCN-nagalim
4.Intolerance oNE terrorist organisations resorting to extortionist activities from people outside their states oRakhine conflict in myammar-buddhist vs Bengali speaking people.
5.Extravagance and easy money cadets of ULFA after surrendering are deemed as SULFA(surrenedered ULFA) and can claim govt benefits,protection and an easy life..this propels many youth towards ULFA..
7.earning political brownie points also make many pol org support terr organstions from the backdoor
8.Insanity-random shootouts in US,brevik case etc..
1. When it comes to MDG 5, India’s record is poor. What are the measures taken by the government and private sector, if any, to fulfill MDG 5. Do you think apart from economic reasons, are there also sociological aspects that are hindering India’s efforts? Discuss.
Ans. The measures taken by government & private sector-
Janani suraksha yojana Matritva sahyog yojana National Sanitation Campaign Swayamsidha- Health Awareness Folic Acid Supplementation Various NGO operations against child marriage, maternal health Contribution of Companies via CSR activities National food security act Distribution of free sanitary pads via ASHA workers
Other previously existing measures augmenting the MDG5 effort-
National commission for women- awareness, health education Draft National Policy for Women ICDS National Maternity Relief Act Special Marriage Act- Fixed minimum marriage age- direct impact on reproductive health Medical termination of pregnancy act
Discussion-
(1) Sociological aspects- social taboo, old practices, outdated customs- dangerous for maternal health. (a) Rural society- inclination toward superstitions rather than science. (b) Women- low preference in society, in their own houses - right from birth- poor health- poor maternal health. (c) Still early marriage - prevalent. (d) Not much care for nutrition of pregnant & lactating mothers.
(2) But many sociological aspects have roots in economical aspects (a) Rural society- women are seen as non-productive assets (economically), hence negligence (b) Daughters negligence- dowry practice- economic liability (c) Superstitions- cheaper & within reach as compared to doctors (d) Early marriage- parent think daughters as an economic liability that should be transferred as soon as possible. (e) Lack of maternal care- due to lack of money/ working mother/ economically exploited.
(3) Conclusion- Obviously ther are sociological aspects apart from economic aspects- but if we look closely- both are interrelated & mutually complementing each other.
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Comments
Since beginning nations have been contesting for stake of Arctics. India also could not resist this race of its share in the Arctic stake. Nation surrounding the Arctics has already done its survey and study of the energy reserves it contains below the ice caps.
In recent decades melting of the ice due to global warming has alerted and awaken the nations of the world to the Arctics. Melting of the Arctics have both positive and negative outcomes and results. Arctic council the countries circumferencing the arcticshave always seen the melting of the Arctics as welcome signal for their economy. The non-arctic council which will have negative result due to climatic change and global are also contesting of their share in the artics.
Melting of Arctics will unleash the huge reserves of natural gas and petroleum oil for the exploration of the nations of the arctic council. Alongwith fossil fuels, huge mineral reserves of manganese, cobalt, iron etc. in the deep sea ocean bed will also be subjected to competition. Melting of ice will also open the vast artic sea for maritime commerce and trade routes. Hence the arctics nations will also try to exert their geo-political significance on these maritime routes.
This contesting of the share of the huge economics potentials will always lead to nations fighting for their share and stakes. And this may again result into formations of interest groups and blocks which may confront each other for their sovereignity in the region. Hence arctic race may lead to new Cold War in near future.
@Thor
Extremism can termed termed as adamant or extreme ideology. In earlier context, extremism was thought to be the result of less development and denial of their rights. Once extremism evolves it grows cumulatively as it tries to oppose the government and its development activities in the region. This resistance results into slow development of the region and which again promotes the growth of the extremism.
However in present world cause of extremism is not only restricted to economic development and deprivation but it is also fueled by the non-states actors for their political and national benefits. The violent method adopted by the extremist also harms the people for whom they claim to be fighting for. Violent methods are adopted to gain control and access over the area or region.
Non co-operation of the government and the local people against their illogical and irrational demands makes them frustrated, and provoke them to adopt the means which are violent. They often demands of the money, which they ultimately use for arming themselves.
Extremism is not only prevalent in India as a naxalism but also in neighbouring countries like Afghanistan, Pakistan etc. with long history.
This presence of extremism in the region not only disturb the development activities but also life of the people associated with them. Hence the extremist demands expanded from monetary to regional control and access with no interference of the state actors.
@Thor
various steps takn by govt are
oNRHM-2005-asha-special focus on 18 steps with weak public health infra
ojanani shishu surakshya karyakram
ojanani suraksha yojana
oindira Gandhi matritva sahyog yojana
ofood security act-pregnant n lactatating mother health benefit of 6k
omother and child tracking
oaddrssing anaemia-provison of iron tablets schme
OICDS-for girl child
oSABLA
pvt sector-direct and indirect working in synergy with govt
omaternity leave
oCSR activities
ocontractual appointment of health care personnel and hiring of pvt personnel
oreferral services
lacunae remains-needs to be addressed thru multidimensional approach incorporating social,legal,eco dimns
oeconomics-funds eaten up due to corruption..eg-UP NRHM scam 2011
ogirl child negect -women empowerment-still distant call through lately SHG,affirmitive action by govt etc changing the picture-india ranks low on gender empowerment index
olegal changes like amendment to medical termination of pregnancy act needed to prevent women going for unsafe abortions resulting in death-present 2 doc n 2 gnae-need for 1 doc and 1 gynae
oeducation of girl child-knowledge on health
though world bank presents gloomy picture,the reports of registar general of india remains postive under which india will achieve MDG target by 2015 with significal decreses of maternity deaths each yr(some 140/2015)
No society in the world can be welfare society until unless it identifies and give the rights & entitlements of the people, especially in India where considerable amount of people are farmers and suffering from hunger.
India being gradually marching towards this approach has enacted the laws which tackles the problem of hunger and landless people.
Food security bill which is recently passed in the parliament is major step and achievement to feed the millions of hungry population in the country. By passing these it will legal right for the hungry people to have their entitled food from public distribution system. The food security bill entitles the poor people every month wheat, rice and millet as mentioned in the bill. Bill also considers to strengthens the supply chain management and effective & efficient control, distribution and management of public distribution system.
Land acquisition resettlement and rehabilitation bill gives rights to the farmers to get the appropriate compensation alongwith proper resettlement and rehabilitations. The bill also discuss the impact assessment of the acquisition and the empowers the role of gram sabha as an organ of local government.
Both bills FSB and LARR however have their own bottlenecks and constraints.
Food security bill faces the problem of huge import of food grains from the other countries which will be regulated by WTO, as it is claimed by WTO that it will distort the trade pattern. Meanwhile to produce the foodgrains domestically India need to give boost to agriculture sector through appropriate pricing mechanism, genetically modified crops, agricultural financing and land reforms.
Coming to the LARR, there is a discontent from the farmers that they are consulted and not consented. Improper implementation in compensation of price, rehabilitation, resettlement, corruption in bureaucracy.
Hence it can be said that India can definitely became citizens' welfare if the laws are implemented thoroughly.
@Thor
I dont know about Quest 5
is it about Marxist and Maoist ideology of communism...
I could write all four question ( 85 marks ) in 1 hr 15 min...including thinking, framin and writing..i think it is slow sleep...
Global diplomcy since 1990's has been increasingly focused around the hitherto tranquil region of the artic.this has been attributed to the increasing energy hunger among nation states and has been bolstered by clamate change which has exposed the artic resouces to human exploitation.
The artic council,a conglomerate of nations initially formed to address climate change and concerns of the indigenous people of the artic has been increasingly shifting its agenda towards energy diplomacy and protecting its interests in the region as has been witnessed in its recent meetings;the most recent being the kiruna declaration.Increasing number of nations have expressed desire and has been made a part of the council-the recent admission of india as an observer state being an exemplification of the same.
the interest of nations in the region which might lead to prospects of cw
oenergy security-melting of ice and scramble for enegy resouces.
oterritorial EEZ disputes-melting of ice can lead to EEZ disputes among nations...already such disputes exist betn Canada n Denmark
Sea lanes-opening up of sea lanes can provide alternate routes for transport of energy..for india this is imp...in case a war erupts betn india n china..indian plans are aimed at blocking the st of Malacca route..the artic route will provide china an alternate pathway for energy transport..
however in best interest of all states.. --cooperation is key--climate change is a global common---however in an eventuality of a cw transcending to a hot war in future, some states have been vouching for creation of artic nuclear free zone and this should be acted upon.
yaar fatli meri to, thoda pol sc. padh raha tha. isliye nahi dekha, will see in the morning. On the face of it, they look got for 1.15 hr effort
Also, Q5 i put in as I did not know what he was asking. It was asked in Synergy paper if I remember correctly
1) Is it Socialism vs Gandhian Swaraj
Or
2) Fascism vs Non-violence (Satyagraha)
Extremism is an ideology which is considered to be outside the mainstream attitude of society and which violate common moral standards.Development deficit has been the prime mover behind the rise of various manifestations of insurgency in dev countries like india-naxalism,moaism(Nepal) to name a few.Yet religious funademtalism,sovereignty issues,intolerance,extravagance and easy money are other attributes behind extremism which has threatened our fundamental and natural right to live.
1.development defict/economic deprivation-Analysed through the case study of naxalism in india
oreasons like state of land reforms,lack of entitlements trickling down etc..
oMao Zedong's fish in water theory- people's support to naxalsim due to discontent...(fish=militant,water=people)
2.religious fundamentalsm-analysed through the case of Taliban in afghan and SIMI
in india
oimposition of sharia law etc
3.Soverignty issues-analysed through the case of ULFA of assam/NSCN of nagalan
oULFA-rejects being a part of india forced through yandaboo treaty
oNSCN-nagalim
4.Intolerance
oNE terrorist organisations resorting to extortionist activities from people outside their states
oRakhine conflict in myammar-buddhist vs Bengali speaking people.
5.Extravagance and easy money
cadets of ULFA after surrendering are deemed as SULFA(surrenedered ULFA) and can claim govt benefits,protection and an easy life..this propels many youth towards ULFA..
7.earning political brownie points also make many pol org support terr organstions from the backdoor
8.Insanity-random shootouts in US,brevik case etc..
9.sikh terror
10.cyber terror-disrupt critical installations,oil pipelined,DCS,SCADA etc
11.pak sponsored terror in Kashmir
need to bring about legislations at national level(piracy bill-Somali pirate,bringing organisations to the talking table etc etc)
international level--early conclusion to international convention on terrorism,AMISOM etc...etc,,,
Ans.
The measures taken by government & private sector-
Janani suraksha yojana
Matritva sahyog yojana
National Sanitation Campaign
Swayamsidha- Health Awareness
Folic Acid Supplementation
Various NGO operations against child marriage, maternal health
Contribution of Companies via CSR activities
National food security act
Distribution of free sanitary pads via ASHA workers
Other previously existing measures augmenting the MDG5 effort-
National commission for women- awareness, health education
Draft National Policy for Women
ICDS
National Maternity Relief Act
Special Marriage Act- Fixed minimum marriage age- direct impact on reproductive health
Medical termination of pregnancy act
Discussion-
(1) Sociological aspects- social taboo, old practices, outdated customs- dangerous for maternal health.
(a) Rural society- inclination toward superstitions rather than science.
(b) Women- low preference in society, in their own houses - right from birth- poor health- poor maternal health.
(c) Still early marriage - prevalent.
(d) Not much care for nutrition of pregnant & lactating mothers.
(2) But many sociological aspects have roots in economical aspects
(a) Rural society- women are seen as non-productive assets (economically), hence negligence
(b) Daughters negligence- dowry practice- economic liability
(c) Superstitions- cheaper & within reach as compared to doctors
(d) Early marriage- parent think daughters as an economic liability that should be transferred as soon as possible.
(e) Lack of maternal care- due to lack of money/ working mother/ economically exploited.
(3) Conclusion- Obviously ther are sociological aspects apart from economic aspects- but if we look closely- both are interrelated & mutually complementing each other.