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Despite being such a universal cultural practice among tribes, a universal explanation on totemism has evaded scholars and scholars have different opinions and interpretations of it.
Durkheim gave a religious interpretation to totemism, He says belief in totem is totemism. totem is a symbolic ancestor. Durkheim believed totemism is the symbol of the ‘collective consciousness’ of the society. Thus, Durkheim concludes, that society worship itself while worshipping totem. Durkheim says, totemism is the “most primitive or original” form of religion. Durkheim believes that totemism binds people in a ‘moral community’ called the church.
Frazer gave an economic interpretation to totemism: Frazer says, totemism emerged out of economic motives wherein groups go for cooperative division of labor with regard to edible varieties of certain animal and plant species. They don’t eat their totems and share totems as food to other groups.
Radcliff Brown akes totemism to social plane. He says totemism is,i.e he suggests totem has a special relation with social order and function of totemism is to maintain social integration.
Levi strauss gave a structural interpreation to totemism. he says it is only a way to classify objects,
thus, Differences do exist among scholars over totemism
today most scholars agreee on Totemism as a belief to maintain ecological balance by adjustment of man-nature relationship and making man more sympathetic to environment seem plausible =
Rh blood group system by Landsteiner and Wiener (1940) was a great advancements in human serology.
Anthropological significance of Rh groups:
- Useful for population studies and for studying the origins of different ethnic groups. - Used to trace migrations in the human population because they are often much like a fingerprint of an event that has occurred in evolution - useful in medical studies
population studies
i. Caucasoid • Highest incidence of (Rh— ) frequency upto (30 %)
ii. Negroid population • Have moderate (Rh— ) frequency upto 5-20 %. • in Weiner classification Ro (cDe) is practically an African gene eg: Nilotic tribes of Sudan
iii. Mongoloids • (Rh— ) is nearly absent • In weiner classifcation R1 quite frequent
iv. Australian Aborigines/ Australoids • Typical to this population is presence of RZ (CDE) upto 10% more than any other population
v. Indian scheduled tribe population • High frequency observed for R1 (CDe) upto 70% & low frequency for r (cde) only 9 %
medical implications of Rh: - known to be involved in the process of natural selection due to mother-foetus incompatibility leading to haemolytic disease of newborn, or foetal loss (erythroblastosis foetalis). - Also diseases are associated with Rh factor. (Rh— ) is associated with typhoid infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc.
Your answers seem very apt. I also wrote on same lines but not with so much information.
bhai its not just information, but understanding.. without understanding u cannot remember views of scholars.. anthro m 200-215 aa jaata h. 250+ laane k liye bahot ghisna padta h.. kan bhai bhi aisa hi likhte h
anthropological view of ethnic and political movements me kya likhna tha bhailog ? @hemu@to_connect
i have posted it earlier.. in bakar thread.. u can see ther.. Geertz Balinese study se and functionalism se likhna h.. bellan valley bhi waha likh diya h mene. u can see my answers on that threas.. i have posted after mains.
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Aur koi notification bhi nahi ata
So how to discuss?
my answer on totemism
Despite being such a universal cultural practice among tribes, a universal explanation on totemism has evaded scholars and scholars have different opinions and interpretations of it.
Durkheim gave a religious interpretation to totemism, He says belief in totem is totemism. totem is a symbolic ancestor.
Durkheim believed totemism is the symbol of the ‘collective consciousness’ of the society. Thus, Durkheim concludes, that society worship itself while worshipping totem. Durkheim says, totemism is the “most primitive or original” form of religion.
Durkheim believes that totemism binds people in a ‘moral community’ called the church.
Frazer gave an economic interpretation to totemism: Frazer says, totemism emerged out of economic motives wherein groups go for cooperative division of labor with regard to edible varieties of certain animal and plant species. They don’t eat their totems and share totems as food to other groups.
Radcliff Brown akes totemism to social plane. He says totemism is,i.e he suggests totem has a special relation with social order and function of totemism is to maintain social integration.
Levi strauss gave a structural interpreation to totemism. he says it is only a way to classify objects,
thus, Differences do exist among scholars over totemism
today most scholars agreee on Totemism as a belief to maintain ecological balance by adjustment of man-nature relationship and making man more sympathetic to environment seem plausible
=
Rh blood group system by Landsteiner and Wiener (1940) was a great advancements in human serology.
Anthropological significance of Rh groups:
- Useful for population studies and for studying the origins of different ethnic groups.
- Used to trace migrations in the human population because they are often much like a fingerprint of an event that has occurred in evolution
- useful in medical studies
population studies
i. Caucasoid
• Highest incidence of (Rh— ) frequency upto (30 %)
ii. Negroid population
• Have moderate (Rh— ) frequency upto 5-20 %.
• in Weiner classification Ro (cDe) is practically an African gene eg: Nilotic tribes of Sudan
iii. Mongoloids
• (Rh— ) is nearly absent
• In weiner classifcation R1 quite frequent
iv. Australian Aborigines/ Australoids
• Typical to this population is presence of RZ (CDE) upto 10% more than any other population
v. Indian scheduled tribe population
• High frequency observed for R1 (CDe) upto 70% & low frequency for r (cde) only 9 %
medical implications of Rh:
- known to be involved in the process of natural selection due to mother-foetus incompatibility leading to haemolytic disease of newborn, or foetal loss (erythroblastosis foetalis).
- Also diseases are associated with Rh factor. (Rh— ) is associated with typhoid infections, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc.
u can see my answers on that threas.. i have posted after mains.